Optimizing Chloroquine to Make a Better Drug to Fight Malaria Essay

Optimizing Chloroquine to Make a Better Drug to Fight Malaria Abstract: Malaria has haunted man for centuries. Humanities experiments in drugs allowed for the discovery of chloroquine, perhaps the most successful cure against the parasitic infection. However, a new strain of malaria, plasmodium falciparum, has proven to be resistant against chloroquine and other cures we have for this virulent disease. Should man then cast aside this antique drug? Not before trying to optimize it to once again combat malaria. There has been a disease that has never been completely assessed nor understood, yet it has been a scourge to humanity for centuries. Consequently, it has never quite been fought off. Malaria has haunted man for millennium, and even today we are really unable to claim conquest over it, as it still infects millions of victims every year, killing close to a million each year (WebMed). How then has malaria been nearly eradicated in North America and Europe? There are drugs that fight malaria, the most famous of which is probably chloroquine, one of the oldest drugs made by man. Chloroquine is one of now several drugs that have fought malaria to the tropics, but now has become almost useless against a new, drug resistant strain of malaria, Plasmodium falciparum. P. falciparum has perhaps come to claim the title of the most virulent strain of malaria as well. Today it is certainly the deadliest, requiring specialized treatment that might not exist in the poorer tropic regions where it is most rampant. Even now, research against this strain of malaria is ongoing, in the hope to find a cure. Where can this be found? One of the most explored methods is optimizing the drugs we have, particularly chloroquine. I... ... I made in GaussView should not be considered the only or even the best changes. For instance, replacing all the nitrogens with oxygens, I completely changed how it would react to acidic conditions. The extra rings I added increased the molecular weight, in some cases to huge proportions that violated lipinskis rules. By changing the way this molecule bonds, very likely I made this drug very poisonous. It could take years, but eventually this drug could be optimized to fight plasmodium again. Perhaps humanity’s defense against malaria will again come from this nearly antique drug. Plasmodium in the blood. Bibliography weblogs.madrimasd.org/images/weblogs_madrimas WebMed. Malaria. July 12, 2008 Westerfield, Scott. Peeps. Razorbill, 2006. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Chloroquine. July 16, 2008. Zimmer, Carl. Parasite Rex. Simon and Schuster, 2000.

Essay --

The older person’s population has increased substantially in Malaysia over the past several years. In 2000, 6.3% of the total population are older persons and was increased by 6.6% from the total population in 2005 (DOSM, 2005). The number of older persons by 2020 is projected to be 9.9% and 11% by 2025 (DOSM, 2008). This may keep on increasing for the following years due to the low rate of birth and death, which has resulted from the success of reproductive health care services (Rabieyah & Hajar, 2003). Being an older person was being viewed as a time of inevitable disease and frailty. Government and public health sectors would be enormous if the onset of disease and functional limitations could be postponed, since this group of population is more likely to be poses challenges such as increased vulnerability to disease, high medical cost, requirement for long term care and burden to the family members (Sjolund, Nordberg, Wimo & von Strauss, 2010; Nakasato & Carnes, 2006). In the scope of aging, falls are a major health problem for older person, with 30-35% of those who live in the community falling at least once a year (Granacher et al.,2011, Rubenstein and Josephson 2002). This situation is about three times higher in institutionalized older persons than those in the community (Cameron et al., 2010). Falls and fall-related injuries are a common health care problem, and represent important causes of morbidity and mortality in older populations. About one in three older persons who living in the community, will experience at least one fall each year, of which roughly half results in an injury (Masud, 2001; Rubeistin, 2006). There are several different causes for falls in older persons particularly involves psychological conditio... ... a study because it broadens results and therefore gives a better representation of the population as a whole. This study only studied on Malays races, which represent a major race in Malaysia. Unfortunately, this might contribute to bias and non-beneficial for other races. Future studies should involve a larger number of races and randomization. CONCLUSION An older person is a special challenge from the standpoint of exercise prescription due to the usual presence of balance disorder and fear of falls with their physical limitations. However, participation in physical activity and exercise will go a long way in preventing complications and extending the years of independence living. A combination of the behavioral program in exercise training is a great and cost-effective especially in managing older persons to improve their life and towards a successful aging.

History of the Catholic Church on the death penalty and how it has changed over time Essay

Whereas the ancient Catholic Church did not have much of a problem with capital punishment, the modern Catholic Church stands resolutely against capital punishment. The stand of the Catholic Church concerning death penalty gives a clear illustration of centuries of tension in addition to uncertainties. However, the Catholic Church with its stern stand has been able to manage all the tensions that emanate from this serious issue. The role of the Catholic Church in the debate concerning death penalty has got a rich history. This paper through qualitative analysis of legitimate websites and published work is going to look at the history of the Catholic Church on the death penalty as well as how it has changed over time. Introduction There are various ways that have been employed by human beings to get rid of evil doers since the inception of the world. The techniques chosen by people to punish perpetrators of violence present the society with great challenges. Death penalty, also referred to as capital punishment, is one of the ways through which evil doers can be punished. Implementation of death penalty has, however, been a controversial issue that has been debated for years without coming to a rational conclusion. The issue of death penalty has been debated for years by the public, religious organizations and professionals without coming to an agreement. The Catholic Church, for example, is one of the religious organizations that have for decades been in the front line in the fight against death penalty. The Catholic Church argues that instead of imposing death penalty, more lenient forms of punishment should be employed (Megivern p, 391). The principle objective of the Catholic Church, as far as death penalty is concerned, is to break the cycle of violence, get rid of the culture of death, and seek justice without revenge. Victims of violence have every right to see perpetrators of such violent deeds face the law, and the public acting out of faith has the mandate to assist the victims of violence in their attempt to come to terms with their condition (Mahony para, 5). It is also the right of the general public to seek justice when laws have been violated, peaceful coexistence gotten rid of, and the rights of human beings violated by a variety of violent acts. The position of the Catholic Church has undergone extensive evolution over the last few decades in calling the public to seek justice rather than revenge (Anon p, 1). The Catholic Church also makes it clear that putting perpetrators to death does not restore the condition as it was before the crime was carried out. The papal authority has constantly called for an end to capital punishment. The Catholic Church under the leadership of the pope issues numerous appeals for clemency for those awaiting punishment by death around the world (Gregory para, 20). History of the Catholic Church on the death penalty and how it has changed over time The history of the utilization of death penalty, as a mode of punishment for evil deeds, is a story that entails exceptional conducts of the human beings stuffed with all sorts of anomalies. It incorporates religious matters and touches on almost all aspects of culture. The deep involvement of the leaders of the Catholic Church in the in the process of approving the deliberate destruction of the lives of human beings has resulted in development of a novel set of complex beliefs and practices that make up a kind of tradition. The early Catholic Church beliefs concerning capital punishment resulted in it being regarded as a different mode of punishment. The Bible, according to Hodgkinson and Schabas, is believed to have been the base on which early Catholic Church beliefs concerning death penalty were shaped (p, 117). Had death not been so clearly signified as an exquisitely ordained penalty for all who committed serious crimes, as it is in the Hebrew Bible, the practice of punishing criminals through death would not have gained the kind of momentum it gained in addition to occupying the central position in the Christian history (Megivern p, 8). The Catholic Church has a rich history of backing up death penalty. In the Vatican city is was death penalty was legal until it was prohibited by Pope Paul VI in the year 1969. The early Catholic Church did not have much of problem with capital punishment (Megivern p, 8). Death penalty, according to Megivern, was taken as an important tool for punishing those who threatened the social and political order (p, 9). This perception has however, changed over the years. There are numerous contradictions when it comes to the teachings and the stand of the Catholic Church on death penalty. Even though it has not been totally eliminated, the scope of capital punishment has been reduced drastically. Whereas the previous pope was totally against death penalty, constantly writing to law makers and judges to get rid of death penalty, in the United States and other developed countries, the official teaching of the Catholic Church makes it clear that capital punishment is not ethically incorrect in all cases. This calls for understanding of the cases where death penalty is an applicable means of punishing wrong doers (Gregory, para, 30). Over the years, â€Å"against the death penalty†, has turned out to be a common phrase among the Catholic Church faithful. Death penalty is treated as a form of intrinsic evil among Catholic Church faithful. The Catholic Church teachings have, over and over, made it clear that human life is sacred due to the fact that human beings were created by God. It is therefore the duty of each and every person to safeguard and defend the human life at all times. Human life according to the Catholic Church is a gift from God, and all people regardless of the social and economic backgrounds are called upon to enhance it. The Catholic Church argues that it is morally wrong to take away the life of another person (Cline para, 2). Nevertheless, the Catholic Church has always protected the government in its development and implementation of policies aimed at getting rid of wrong doers from society. This is why at certain times, in the history of the Catholic Church, Christians have supported capital punishment for certain crimes. However, as the Catholic Church continues growing in wisdom and experience, its teachings result in constant refining of capital punishment (Cline para, 4). The earlier edition of Catholic Church catechism, according not Gregory para, holds onto the traditional teaching of the church concerning death penalty (para, 6). These teachings allowed for the use of death penalty as a way of punishment with intent of protecting public order and defending life. As a result these church teachings redressed the disorder that emanated from the offense. However, the Catholic Church teachings made it clear that bloodless means of punishment should be employed. It also emphasized on the notion that Christians globally are supposed to show mercy and not revenge (Gregory para, 7). In 1997 the Catholic Church revised the section on death penalty. This revision was executed as a result of the changes in the catechetical presentation of the Catholic Church’s moral stand (Gregory para, 8). However, the purpose of death penalty as a means of restoring public order was not part of the revision. The corresponding perception of death penalty as a way of deterring further serious crimes was also minimized. After the 1997 revision of catholic catechism had failed to institute capital punishment as a means of restoring public order, the only reason for deterrent values of death punishment was that it provided protection to human beings against perpetrators (Gregory para, 8). In 2005, John Paul II after consultation with Roman Catholic bishops from all over the world came up with a conclusion that death penalty should only be permitted in cases of utter necessity, when it would be impossible to defend the society through other means of punishment (Gregory para, 10). John Paul II, as indicated by Gregory, pointed out that the world possesses the capacity to protect itself in addition to safeguarding the common good without the need for death penalty (para, 10). The Catholic Church holds onto the fact that various forms of punishment, with the exception of death penalty, have the capacity to protect and defend the safety of the people from perpetrators, and that modern authority is flexible enough to restrict itself to such means. John Paul II advocated for the use of other punishment modalities such as long periods of imprisonment with intent of promoting safety of the public (Gregory para, 14). These means would punish evil doers without necessarily having to kill them. Since the 1980s catholic bishops in the United States have persistently called for an end to the use of capital punishment in the country. They asserted that sanctity of all human life should be respected, innocent life should be protected, justice should be achieved through law and public order should be preserved (Gregory para, 30). The bishops claimed that capital punishment does not aid the main intent of reform due to the fact that the opportunity for a prisoner to reform is eliminated. They also argued that even though death penalty protects society from a particular criminal, who committed a serious crime for which death penalty is prescribed; it does not eliminate chances of similar crimes being committed in the future. Catholic Church leadership argued that communities are not made whole and societies are not strengthened through killing those who commit capital crimes. Death penalty according to the church leadership perpetuates a dangerous cycle of violence that eventually diminishes everyone (Gregory para, 31). In 1999 these bishops made an appeal to prohibit the use of capital punishment and followed it up in 2000 with â€Å"Responsibility, Rehabilitation and Restoration: A Catholic Perspective on Crime and Criminal Justice† Document (Gregory para, 29). This was after Pope John Paul II‘s visit to the United States in 1999. The Pope called for the abolition of death penalty. The Pope challenged the catholic faithful globally to protect the lives of innocent people, in a similar manner to abortion and euthanasia, in addition to protecting the lives of those who may have committed capital crime (Mahony para, 6). In 2005, Catholic bishops revived their fight against death penalty and began educating both Catholics and non-Catholics on the evils associated with death penalty. The American Catholic Church, currently, holds onto the perception that capital punishment under the conditions of the modern American society is not justified in the view of conventional rationale of punishment. Catholic Church leadership in the United States has developed careful guidelines concerning death penalty, which apply the teachings of the universal Church to the American culture. The modern American Catholic Church leadership has expressed its opinion against death penalty (Gregory para, 30). Whereas the ancient Catholic Church allowed for punishment of capital offenders with death, over the last four decades the Catholic Church has come out strongly against state-sponsored capital punishment (Megivern p, 14). This deviation from the Catholic Church teachings, which have been in existence for almost two millennia, is highly likely to provoke disagreement within the ranks of Catholic faithful. Modern Catholic Church leadership, as indicated by Hodgkinson and Schabas, charges that there are numerous flaws associated with the use of capital punishment including racial disparity and economic disproportion that take root in the trials of serious offenders (p, 126). Catholic leadership also makes it clear that chances of wrongly convicting men and women are very high, and therefore death punishment would result in the death of innocent people (Hodgkinson, and Schabas p, 127). Even though the validity of capital punishment has not been totally rejected, the circumstances in which they are approved are so limited that they are virtually impossible. The society is left without an option, rather than stick to the teachings of the Catholic Church. Conclusion  It can therefore be concluded that whereas the ancient Catholic Church did not have much of a problem with capital punishment, the modern Catholic Church stands resolutely against capital punishment. The Bible is believed to have been the base on which early Catholic Church beliefs concerning death penalty were shaped. The Catholic Church has a rich history of backing up death penalty. In the Vatican city is was death penalty was legal until it was prohibited by Pope Paul VI in the year 1969. Death penalty was taken as an important tool for punishing those who threatened the social and political order. This perception has however, changed over the years. The modern Catholic Church leadership has expressed its opinion against death penalty. The Catholic Church teachings make it clear that bloodless means of punishment should be employed. The Catholic Church leadership also asserts that human life is sacred due to the fact that human beings were created by God, and therefore it should be respected.

A Plea For MME. Loisel

Understanding Mathilde Loisel, the main character in Guy de Maupassant’s story The Necklace, is not simple.   Madame Loisel lived a humble life as the wife of a clerk; however, she desired the life of her rich friend Madame Forestier.   One evening Matilde’s husband came home with an invitation to an event at the Palace and Matilde responded with a disgusting displeasure to the invitation: â€Å"What do you wish me to do with that.†Nevertheless, Matilde and her husband found the money to acquire a dress and borrow a special diamond necklace from her friend Madame Forestier. At the Ball Matilde was the prettiest, most joyful, desired female of the evening. Upon returning home, Matilde realized she had lost her friend’s necklace. Matilde and her husband made up a lie and borrow money to replace the lost item. The fate Matilde found in replacing the necklace—ten years of hard labor— was to harsh.Her VanityWhat is the cause of Matilde’ s self induced punishment?   At first it appears to the reader that she is being rebuked for lying and losing the necklace.   But is this the case?   The cause of Matilde’s problem is not lying about the lost necklace, but her vain attitude towards the envy of a better life.   How does the reader know the cause of her punishment is vanity?First, Matilde will not attend the ball without the proper material possessions of a dress or jewelry.   Second, she is consumed by forming a lie to protect the necklace rather then telling the truth and taking responsibility for her fault.Third, Matilda is willing to sacrifice 10 years of hard labor to pay for her mistake.   In the end, Matilde over-reacted to the situation and her vanity caused her to cover-up a simple venial sin. Matilde’s over indulgence in her own self-interest is to blame for the creation of her elaborate lie.   The loss of the necklace is the result of her vanity.The PunishmentWhat price did Matil da pay for her attempt to cover up the vanity underneath the loss of the necklace and the lie to cover it up?   The reader knows that Matilde suffered ten years of drudgery in hard physical labor to repay the monetary value of the necklace.   Furthermore, Matilde’s husband worked extensive hours at his job and forfeited his inheritance to pay for the necklace.   Consequently, Matilde suffered the loss of her physical beauty while being impoverished as a slave to the households she cleaned.   In addition, Matilde and her husband were forced to resign any possibility of climbing the social ladder because the majority of their lives would be spent working to pay back the price of the necklace.   Matilde’s punishment was too harsh for simply being vain.The PleaMadame Loisel’s pride, which is a product of her vanity, has dealt her the cold hand of an ironic fate.   The ironic part in the story is that Madame Forestier’s necklace was not real to beg in with and Matilde’s perception of Madame Forestier and the upper class life turned out to be just as phony. Matilde should not have to pay the price she did for something that was not real to begin with.   In the end, Madame Loisel suffered an unjustified form of an ironic punishment in relation to the severity that her vanity should have caused.In a different set of circumstances, Matilde should have told the truth about the necklace from the moment she found out it was lost.   Had she done this her fate may have had a more positive result.   Nonetheless, the simple mistake of having too much self-importance does not deserve a life sentence of chastisement.Fortunately, Matilde ended up learning a lesson from her mistake and was able to tell the truth.     As a result, Matilde returned to her humble self and had the courage to approach Madame Forestier to find out the real truth.   The mistake Matilde made was that she borrowed a necklace to feel important for o ne night in her humble life and experience what rich people took for granted.   Matilde’s faults in her character should not inhibit her until death.   Madame Loisel did not deserve the unforgiving penalty of ten years of hard labor.   

Romeo and Juliet Diary Entries

Dear diary, as it is the first time I am writing to you, I would like to tell a little concerning myself. My name is Romeo, and I come from the Montague family, with my dad Mr. Montague and my mum Lady Montague. I am sixteen. Not that I have a high regard for myself, but I have to say that I am quite attractive, bright and sensitive. I live in the middle of a fierce fight between my family and the Capulet’s. This battle has started ages before I was born, and will keep on going for generations and generations. Sincerely, I think that this fight is foolish, and that violence doesn’t make thing different and by no means will between our two families. I take the Capulet’s as equal to us, and nothing will alter my mind. I feel that this day couldn’t get any worst for me. You see I like this girl from the name of Rosaline, but she doesn’t return her affection towards me. This made me miserable for the whole day, and I had not the desire to see any people. I went around the region, and went into profound thinking and came to the point that there was no more point of breathing if I could never get will my beloved Rosaline. The only person informed about my love for her is my dearest cousin â€Å"Benvolio†. I told him how I felt, and how I couldn’t live without her, and he gave me the advice of going with him tonight at the masked party at the Capulet’s mansion. Dear diary I hope my cousin is right and if not what should I do? 21 April Dear diary, I am writing to tell you that I have forgotten about Rosaline in my heart and that at ball, at the Capulet’s I have fallen in love, from the first moment I saw her, and she unclasp my heart, and treed it from the thing I thought I loved and fixed it only on her. You see the moment I laid sight upon her; she engulfed my feelings upon her, and made me forget about Rosaline. The only shocked I had was after the tender kissed I got from laying my lips on hers, was that I later on learned that she was a Capulet. She is a thirteen-year-old girl, she is one of the most gorgeous girls I have ever laid eyes on, and her eyes reminded me of starts lighting upon a dark night. Even though she is of the enemy family, I thought that in any cases love was possible, and that without letting both siblings know I could forever be with her, and that in any cases we could run away together. On that night, after the ball, I have left both Benvolio and Mercutio and went climbing up her balcony, and from both side we exchanged our vows. When she was done with hers, I stopped her mouth with a kiss after having heard enough, and my heart was beating so fast that the night with her passed so fast till the moment I had to leave, which made it hard to take out my sight upon her perfect shadow. 25 April A few days later, I had gone through some with Juliet, and I finally think she is the one I want to be with. I hurried early in the morning to Friar Laurence who for me is some kind of second father, and at the same time a best friend which I tell everything to. He is quite old, and works in a small church in the middle of a field of roses. When I arrived their, I jumped in his arm, and him exited to see me, I thought it would be a good moment to actually express my feelings for Juliet. But after I have told him that I have no more feeling for Rosaline, but for the Capulet’s daughter, he turned his head away from me, and kept on walking. He then stopped and told me that what I am doing will just make the relation between both family more complicated, but the more he thought of it, the better it was for both families, so he agreed to the marriage, and on very special day we got married. 27 April Dear diary, after I have thought that nothing could ruin the joy that I had in my heart for a couple of days, well it actually did. When I went to see Benvolio and Mercutio to tell them some of the good news, well there was a fight going on in the center of the village. Tybault, which is Juliet cousin, came to our territory, and asked for trouble, and Mercutio which could not refuse a fight, decided to fight against Tybault, which I tried to make it not happen, but by falling, the fight ended by dearest Mercutio to die in my hand from Tybaults sword. Without any pretoughts, I rushed to Tybault and killed him as revenge towards Mercutio. And this is when everything turned into hell. As the prince kept on saying, that if by any means a fight was happening between then two families, the one responsible was ask to be killed. So after having killed Tybault I thought that the best idea was to flee and go hide somewhere outside the region where nothing could happen. But would Juliet be ok? How would she get any of my news? What should I do? 02 May It as been five days since I didn’t see my beloved Juliet, and I am going crazy without her. I keep asking myself those questions, if everything is ok on her side. I would do anything to go back in the past and change the fight which happened. Friar told me that I should stay where I am and not move till I get a letter from him, telling me that everything would be back as usual, except that I would have to run away with my love. I would do anything to see her again, I wouldn’t mind running away till the other side of our planet. The only thing I now must be worried about is whether she is ok, and if everything will go according to plan. I have sent a loyal friend to look on Juliet while I stay and hide in the hut which I am standing in right now, and see whether everything is ok on her side. But when he came back a couple of minutes earlier, he told me that he saw Juliet dead†¦When I heard that I thought that I was gone for, I was already seeing the life falling behind me and that it is impossible that this could have happened. So without the Friar letter, I will think I would have to go to the graveyard and see whether what I heard is in fact true. Next time I will be writing in this diary I would tell how I in fact managed to run away with my Juliet and that we would for ever live happily ever after.

Economic Growth And Standard Of Living Essay

To understand any topic it is always important to take note of the key words. In this case I am going to first pin point the key words. Economy in a lay man’s language is the management of finances or care in the use of resources. Others may say it is a system of producing and managing resources. This then puts everyone in light that economic growth as the increment of management and use of resources like finances, wealth and so on. Standard of living can measured by types of living styles that is quality (living in high standards and able to afford especially the basic needs) or of no quality that is (poor quality most especially not being able to afford the basics in life and probably living below the poverty line) (Elkington J. , 1974); Economic growth is seen on both extremes by different individuals that is the best or worst and the sides of it depending on how it has affected their standards of living. The way it affects the standards of living in the present and how it affected in the past is very different from the way it will be tomorrow. Its further expansion today has also affected different individuals differently. Others have seen it to have caused more harm than good while others see it to have caused more than more good than harm and this second group appears to be the majority hence increasing the gap between these two groups of people (The World Business Council for sustainable). Nevertheless economic growth to a larger extent is seen as a valuable vehicle for raising standards of living in aspects like social life, political aspects and even psychological aspects. Since time immemorial, everyone valued a high standard of living and every member of the family and society worked toward achieving more and more resources so as to live a better life. Men, women and children for instance did farming and cultivated food crops for home consumption. This was in the past before the innovation of cash economy. In that era, the three fundamental processes used in economic growth were identification, cooperation and imitation Aragon-Correa and Sharma S. , 2003 and Dunphy D, Griffiths A, and Benn S. , 2000). Today or presently it is true that further economic expansion has been seen. This is why the world today bases on the mechanism of â€Å"survival for the fittest†. This mechanism is mainly trying to see that everyone actively participates towards economic growth and hence improving their standards of living. So people have just deliberately decided to be lazy and they are the same people complaining of economic growth as unnecessary. They have given others the opportunity to even grow richer as they (the lazy ones) become poorer. It is important to note that as the world economy grows, the standard of living also grows. It does not remain stagnant hence the capacity of manpower in the society should also increase so as to match the economic growth and avoid lagging behind. It is done in this manner, and then the difficulty of economic growth affecting the standards of living presently will not be felt (World Economic Forum). It is seen clearly that as world’s life proceeds, very many aspects change. For instance, the population of South Africa in early 1930’s cannot match or be the same as the population today. Today’s population has definitely outgrown the one of 1930’s hence the economic growth will remain a valuable vehicle for raising and not degrading the standards of living if we check into issues like education, population control, employment especially skilled manpower in professional fields, etc. good example here is population control. In the past population was not as big and huge as today hence the issue of poor standard of living was not intensely felt. Today the population has double even tripled in specific places. This then has led to shortage of land, food, employment, schools hence giving the first priorities to the rich who can scramble. This then has led to high illiteracy, creation of slums, high crime rates. So if population standards are controlled by example introducing and sensitizing people on the issue of using contraceptives, keeping people in schools especially women who can go up to high institutions of learning hence making them concentrate in books and by the time they think of marriage, they are old enough not to give birth to too many children as compared to when they are out of school making them marry early and bearing many children. The issue of education, population control will improve both the economic growth and standards of living in the long run (World Economic Forum). Another very crucial thing is and that we in the world today cannot do without is the fact that of the machineries invention and innovation. This was not in the past, but today it has actually improved our majority standards of living. It is a fact that even the poor man at least can afford some kind of machinery for instance he or she may not afford a television set but may afford a small radio of about three dollars. This is because it is extremely important to listen to and know what is going on in the world through that small radio an issue that was not there in the past though people at that time were still comfortable because these machineries were not there. This hence is seen that economic growth is vats and can accommodate everyone. This means that despite the economic growth, there are still some cheap commodities that can be afforded by the low level people so as to enjoy their lives. The economic growth is also seen to incorporate the non professional activities for example engaging in vegetable sales, shoe shining, house helps and so on. Not everyone has a professional duty like teaching; nursing, etc yet even the non professional people must live and enjoy their lives. By doing their non-professional duties, they also actively participate in economic growth. For instance, a person doing the shoe shine job will have to buy the shoe polish hence contributing to the economic growth of the shoe polish company. On the other side of the economic growth, which is also to a lesser extent, I see its further expansions to be unnecessary and especially when its undesirable effects are considered from a true – cost perspective rather than form a true – benefit perspective (World Economic Forum). As I have discussed in the previous paragraphs, everyone cannot be the same in terms of gifts and talents, in brain, strength, authority and understanding. There must be both low and high level people. This also applies in the standard of living which is determined by the economic growth. For sure it is true that it affects people differently. In the real world, today, this economic growth has made the rich richer and the poor poorer. This hence has made the poor group to look at economic growth as an enemy. This is mainly because the poor have not been given a chance to enjoy the changes that come with economic growth. For instance, most of the poor people are not computer literates hence when employment opportunities come up, the first requirement is computer literacy which completely excludes them from the race even when one had the potential of doing that job. These computer courses are mainly provided in the schools of the rich (International Chamber of Commerce, Business charter for sustainable Development, 1990). Economic growth has been accompanied by a lot of bureaucracy. The rich people have taken the top levels and the poor people the low levels. It becomes very difficult for the one at the bottom to reach the one at the top. Before one reaches to the top from the bottom he or she must have used a lot of time, some little finances so as to get favours fro above. Those favours mainly may not be there because the ones at the top always are interested in doing things that favour and benefit them especially when it comes to finances thus rendering the poor back to or get stuck in poor living standards (World commission for Environment and development, 1987). When it comes to distribution of resources, it is clearly seen that some regions in countries are not considered or given priorities. This then instead of improving their standards of living through economic growth, they continue to deteriorate. A good example is usually when the politicians especially the presidents in the third world countries who give priorities to their regions of origin neglecting the other regions. This is even worse when a certain region has got no representative in the government hence making them curse the economic growth (World Economic Forum). In summary, I have discussed that economic growth is for raising the living standards to a larger extent in that †¢ It helps improve the capacity of manpower thus encouraging participation to improve the living standards Because everyone wants to olive in a good standard population will be controlled and hence more savings for more economic growth. †¢ Education is seen as an important factor leading to both economic growth and standard of living though in the long run †¢ Employment opportunities which leads to earnings and savings hence considering both the economic growth and living standards as valuable †¢ Economic growth being vats tha t is accommodating both the rich and the poor through machinery. An example is if one cannot afford a television then he r she can buy a radio which he or she can afford to listen to hence seen as improved his or her standards of living. †¢ it has too much bureaucracy making low level people not reach the top people †¢ Top people are seen as selfish and just for issues that benefit them especially finances. †¢ Poor people not given a chance to enjoy changes that come with economic growth for example computer literacy which is mainly taught in schools for the rich. In conclusion, economic growth is important to our living standards but can be disastrous especially when others are deprived of it. This ends up creating gaps between people hence leading to other social problems. There is a low level of economic growth rate. Economists’ researchers have maintained that in order for economy to realize good standard of living 10% increase in her economy is necessary, she must invest 10 % of her national income. Reduce consumption, increase investments or savings at same time reduce the family size children or they end up in vicious cycle of poverty. There is a lot of pressure in terms of provision of social services in un developed world. This leads to difficulty in distributing resources equally. It is also costly because of the large numbers thus social service provision becomes inadequate. It is seen to be affecting the nature of social services for example leading to poor housing and low quality of education.

Things a Service Business Must Get Right Assignment

Things a Service Business Must Get Right - Assignment Example This paper illustrates that the business strategies that are applicable in a commodity market are totally different from those applicable from the service markets, owing to the tangibility of the commodity as opposed to a service. While promoting a product, it is much easier for the customer to inspect and try out the product before making a purchase decision, since the product is tangibly available for inspection. This is different with a service market since the prospective buyer cannot try out a service before he/she purchases it. Thus for a service business to earn good profits, more efforts in strategizing must be applied as opposed to a business dealing in goods. This forms the subject of this Journal Article review, covering a brief summary, critique of the article and offering concluding thoughts. The fundamental reason for choosing this article is the realization that the service industry operates completely different from a commodity market. While some business strategies a re applicable to any form of business whether product or service business, there is some uniqueness in the service industry that calls for applying different strategies. This article is relevant to advance this realization, since it covers four things a service business must get right, in order to survive and succeed. Most of the management tools that have been established over time have specialized in addressing the challenges of the product companies. Although such management tools are of considerable value to managers operating in the service businesses, they fall short of the requirement for effective and efficient management of such businesses to enhance successful growth and profitability. Frei has introduced four main elements that would help see the service business grow towards profitability. These elements, which constitute the new management tool for the service industry, are the design of the offering, employee management, customer management, and the funding mechanism, which collectively forms the service model. To start with, the service offering by any service business should be well designed, tailor-made to meet the desires and the needs of the most attractive customer groups.